Psilocybin Mushrooms

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Disclaimer: This guide is for educational and awareness purposes only. It is not medical advice, nor does it encourage use of any controlled substances. Always prioritize safety, legality, and personal responsibility. 

Chemical formula:  C12H17N2O4P

Psilocybin: [3-(2-Dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl] dihydrogen phosphate

Chemical name:  Magic mushrooms, Shrooms, psilocybin

(Commonly known as magic mushrooms or shrooms)

Psilocybin is a naturally occurring compound found in certain mushroom species and is regulated differently across jurisdictions. In many regions, its use remains restricted, while in others it may be permitted within specific frameworks.

This information is provided for educational and harm-reduction purposes only. It is intended for individuals exploring psilocybin in environments where its use is legally permitted and responsibly facilitated.

Psilocybin experiences are often approached within structured, intentional settings, where preparation, guidance, and integration play an important role. Working within a safe, informed, and professionally held environment can help support a more grounded and responsible experience.

This guide aims to offer clear, balanced information to help individuals make informed decisions, with an emphasis on safety, awareness, and respect for both the substance and the context in which it is used.

Psilocybin mushrooms—often referred to as magic mushrooms or shrooms—are a group of fungi containing the naturally occurring psychedelic compound psilocybin. When consumed, this compound is converted in the body into psilocin, which produces a range of psychological and sensory effects.

There are over 180 known species that contain psilocybin or psilocin. These mushrooms have a long-standing presence in traditional spiritual and ceremonial practices, particularly in regions of Mesoamerica, where they were used for ritual, healing, and insight.

In modern contexts, they are among the most widely used psychedelic substances across Europe and North America.

Beyond recreational or ceremonial use, psilocybin has attracted increasing attention in therapeutic settings. Research suggests potential benefits in addressing conditions such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, addiction, obsessive-compulsive patterns, and cluster headaches. Ongoing clinical studies continue to explore these applications, with some early findings showing promising outcomes.

Despite this growing interest, psilocybin remains illegal in many jurisdictions. While certain cities and regions have moved toward decriminalization, it is still classified as a controlled substance in many countries. However, regulatory bodies have begun permitting tightly controlled research into its medical potential, and some have granted it special designations to accelerate clinical investigation.

The effects of psilocybin are highly variable and influenced by several key factors, including dosage, mindset, environment, preparation method, mushroom species, and individual body chemistry. Because of this, no two experiences are exactly the same.

Psilocybin mushrooms are most commonly consumed dried and eaten directly, though their taste is often considered unpleasant. To make ingestion easier, they may be prepared in different ways—such as brewed into tea, blended into food or drinks, combined with citrus juice, or encapsulated in powdered form.

Each method can slightly alter how quickly the effects begin. For example, liquid preparations tend to act faster, while capsules may delay onset.

At moderate amounts, experiences often include:

• Heightened emotional sensitivity 
• Deep introspection 
• Altered perception of reality 
• Dream-like or transitional states of awareness 

Many people report visual changes, such as patterns, enhanced colours, or movement within the environment. Closed-eye imagery may also occur. Sensory blending—where sounds, colours, or sensations overlap—is another commonly described effect.

Emotional shifts are also central to the experience. This may involve a sense of openness, connection, awe, or reflection. At times, challenging thoughts or feelings can surface, especially those normally avoided in everyday life. Allowing these experiences to unfold rather than resisting them is often considered important for navigating them effectively.

Physical responses can vary and may include:

• Changes in heart rate or blood pressure 
• Nausea 
• Dilated pupils 
• Restlessness or reduced coordination 
• Tremors or increased reflex sensitivity 

Some individuals report a lingering headache after the experience, though this is generally temporary.

A psilocybin journey typically unfolds in stages:

1. Ingestion – The substance is consumed 
2. Onset – Initial effects begin to appear 
3. Peak – The most intense psychological and sensory changes occur 
4. Comedown – Gradual return to baseline awareness 

The peak phase often occurs a couple of hours after ingestion and is usually the most immersive. Regardless of the phase, maintaining a calm and grounded approach helps support the overall experience.

Difficult or overwhelming experiences—sometimes called “bad trips”—can occur. These may involve fear, confusion, paranoia, or distressing thoughts.

However, such experiences are often influenced by preparation, environment, and mindset. Taking steps to create a supportive setting and approaching the experience with clarity of intention can significantly reduce risk.

A commonly referenced framework includes factors like:

• Mental state 
• Physical environment 
• Substance quality 
• Presence of a trusted guide or sitter 

With proper support, challenging moments can often be navigated safely and may even lead to meaningful insights.

Psilocybin itself is not the compound directly responsible for the experience—it is converted in the body into psilocin, which interacts with serotonin receptors in the brain.

These interactions are especially strong with a specific receptor subtype linked to perception, cognition, and mood regulation. This is thought to contribute to the altered sensory experiences, emotional shifts, and expanded awareness often reported.

Typical ranges:

• Threshold effects: around 0.2–0.5g (dried mushrooms) 
• Moderate experience: around 1–2.5g 
• Duration: approximately 3–6 hours 

Compared to other psychedelics, psilocybin is less potent than substances like LSD or mescaline, though still capable of producing profound effects.

Neurologically, the experience shares similarities with dreaming, which may explain the vivid imagery, fluid thinking, and altered sense of reality.

The following ranges are general guidelines and may vary depending on individual sensitivity, preparation, and mushroom potency. These estimates are based primarily on Psilocybe cubensis*, though other species can differ in strength.*

A microdose refers to a very small amount that produces little to no noticeable psychedelic effect. It is often used in structured routines with the intention of subtle cognitive or emotional support rather than a full experience.

Commonly reported effects may include:

• Slight improvement in mood and outlook 
• Reduced stress levels 
• Greater emotional balance 
• Increased sense of presence and awareness 
• Enhanced clarity in thinking 
• Improved focus and creativity 
• Greater ease in communication 
• Increased motivation and productivity 
• Support with habits and behavioural change 
• Enhanced engagement in activities such as meditation or exercise 

At times, effects may also include:

• Mild emotional sensitivity 
• Slight amplification of existing mood 
• Occasional restlessness or overthinking 

At this level, effects begin to move beyond the subtle and become lightly perceptible, while still allowing full engagement with everyday surroundings.

Possible effects include:

• Light uplift in mood or mild euphoria 
• Increased awareness and introspection 
• Enhanced sensory perception 
• Greater appreciation of surroundings 
• Increased mental fluidity and creativity 
• Gentle emotional release or reflection 

Some individuals may also experience:

• Sensitivity to light or sound 
• Difficulty concentrating on structured tasks 
• Mild anxiety or restlessness 
• Preference for quiet or inward-focused environments 

This range produces noticeable psychoactive effects while still allowing for interaction with the external environment. The term “museum dose” reflects the ability to remain functional in public settings, though perception is altered.

Typical effects may include:

• Noticeable mood elevation or emotional openness 
• Light visual changes (e.g. subtle movement or patterning) 
• Enhanced appreciation for music, art, and nature 
• Increased empathy and connection 
• Altered perception of time 
• Heightened creativity and imagination 

Potential challenges:

• Distraction or difficulty focusing 
• Social discomfort in certain settings 
• Emotional sensitivity 
• Feeling caught between clarity and full immersion 

This range is generally associated with a full psychedelic experience. Perception, cognition, and emotional processing can shift significantly.

Common effects include:

• Strong visual alterations (patterns, movement, symbolic imagery) 
• Deep introspection and personal insight 
• Amplified emotional states 
• Altered sense of time and space 
• Increased connection to internal thoughts and feelings 
• Enhanced appreciation for sensory input 

Possible physical and psychological responses:

• Nausea or dizziness 
• Disorientation 
• Heightened sensitivity to light 
• Difficulty performing complex tasks 
• Episodes of anxiety or fear 
• Nausea

At higher amounts, the experience can become fully immersive and may significantly disconnect the individual from ordinary reality.

Reported effects may include:

• Intense visual and sensory phenomena 
• Profound introspective or symbolic experiences 
• Altered sense of identity or “ego dissolution” 
• Deep emotional or spiritual states 
• Loss of conventional time perception 

Risks and challenges at this level:

• Strong confusion or disorientation 
• Impaired coordination and awareness 
• Intense emotional experiences, including fear 
• Difficulty communicating or interacting 

Support is strongly recommended at this level, including the presence of a trusted and experienced guide.

• Individual responses vary widely 
• Set (mindset) and setting (environment) play a major role 
• Higher doses increase both intensity and unpredictability 
• Preparation and support significantly influence the outcome.

Interactions With Other Substances

Current research on psilocybin interactions with other substances is limited, so caution is always recommended. Here’s what is currently understood:

• Cannabis: May amplify the psychedelic experience. For best results, some wait until later in the trip to avoid disrupting introspection. 
• Ketamine: Anecdotally used in combination after the peak of the psilocybin experience for unique effects. 
• MDMA (“Hippy Flipping”): Reports suggest enhanced mood and reduction of negative emotions, though no formal safety studies exist. 

• Caffeine: Generally considered safe to combine. The stimulant effect may slightly alter the psilocybin experience without major risk. 

• Alcohol: Best avoided during any psychedelic experience; it may impair judgment and increase risk of negative experiences. 
• Prescription Medications (Adderall, Xanax, SSRIs): Combining psilocybin with medications that affect the serotonin system should be approached with extreme caution. Serotonergic drugs may interfere with psilocybin’s effects and increase risk. 

Psilocybin mushrooms have a long history of use for spiritual, emotional, and personal growth, and modern research is confirming their therapeutic potential.

• Significant reductions in depression and anxiety, including in patients with life-threatening illnesses. 
• Potential for lasting improvements in quality of life after even a single high-dose session. 
• Promotes neuroplasticity, supporting the brain’s ability to learn, adapt, and change. 
• Facilitates mystical or deeply introspective experiences, which can be transformative. 

Clinical trials have reported promising results for conditions such as:

• Mood and Anxiety Disorders: Psilocybin-assisted therapy has shown reductions in depression, anxiety, and end-of-life distress. Improvements can last several months after treatment. 
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Small studies indicate psilocybin may reduce symptoms even in individuals resistant to standard SRI therapies. 
• Addiction and Substance Use Disorders: Emerging research suggests psilocybin may support behavioral change and recovery. 
• Cluster Headaches: Psilocybin shows potential as a treatment for this severe condition. 

Psilocybin is generally considered one of the safer psychoactive substances:

• Non-addictive with no known lethal dose 
• Emergency medical incidents are rare (0.2% of users in a large survey) 

However, risks do exist:

• Short-term physical effects: nausea, tremors, sweating, mild headache 
• Short-term psychological effects: anxiety, paranoia, mood swings, panic attacks 
• Rare long-term effects: Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD), involving perceptual changes weeks or months after use 

Important: Most long-term adverse effects appear linked to pre-existing psychological vulnerabilities rather than psilocybin itself.

Psilocybin research is experiencing a resurgence after decades of restriction:

• Clinical studies are ongoing worldwide (MAPS, Beckley Foundation, Johns Hopkins). 
• Depression and anxiety: Trials show high-dose psilocybin with psychological support can produce significant, sustained symptom reduction. 
• OCD: Reports of symptom improvement in patients unresponsive to conventional treatments. 
• Cancer-related distress: Patients report reduced anxiety and improved well-being following therapeutic sessions. 

Mechanism: Psilocybin promotes introspection, emotional processing, and neural plasticity, which may explain its broad therapeutic potential.

Interest in psilocybin as a tool for addressing addiction is not new. Early research in the mid-20th century explored its use in treating substance dependence, with encouraging outcomes. However, legal restrictions halted this work for decades.

More recently, scientific attention has returned to this area, with new studies examining how psilocybin-assisted approaches may support long-term behavioural change.

Findings suggest that, when combined with structured therapeutic support:

• Individuals struggling with alcohol dependence have shown reduced consumption and, in some cases, complete abstinence following guided sessions. 
• In smoking cessation programs, participants who underwent psilocybin-assisted therapy demonstrated significantly higher quit rates compared to conventional methods. 

These results point toward psilocybin’s potential to help interrupt deeply ingrained habits by promoting insight, emotional processing, and a shift in perspective.

Cluster headaches are considered one of the most intense forms of headache, often severely impacting quality of life. Conventional treatments are not always effective, leading some individuals to explore alternative approaches.

Although large-scale clinical trials are still limited, observational data and self-reported outcomes have drawn attention to psilocybin’s potential in this area:

• Some individuals report a reduction in frequency or complete remission of symptoms 
• Survey data suggests a notable proportion of users find it more effective than standard treatments 

These findings have prompted ongoing research into psychedelics as a possible option for managing this condition.

One of the leading theories behind psilocybin’s impact on mental health relates to its influence on the brain’s Default Mode Network (DMN).

The DMN is involved in self-referential thinking, internal dialogue, and habitual thought patterns. Overactivity in this network has been associated with conditions such as depression and anxiety.

Psilocybin appears to:

• Temporarily reduce activity within the DMN 
• Disrupt rigid patterns of thinking 
• Promote greater cognitive flexibility 

This “reset-like” effect may help explain why some individuals experience lasting improvements in mood, perspective, and behaviour following a guided experience.

Emerging evidence suggests psilocybin may support:

• Breaking addictive patterns 
• Reducing psychological distress 
• Enhancing mental flexibility and emotional processing 

While research is still evolving, the direction is clear—this is moving from fringe curiosity into serious clinical interest.

One of the most compelling areas of interest around psilocybin is its potential to support meaningful personal growth when approached with intention and care.

Early controlled studies involving healthy participants in supportive environments found that many individuals experienced lasting positive changes in areas such as behaviour, outlook, and values. These findings have been echoed in more recent research, with a significant number of participants reporting long-term improvements in their relationship with nature, creativity, and overall life perspective.

Beyond clinical settings, personal accounts consistently describe:

• A deeper appreciation for music, art, and the natural world 
• Increased emotional openness and empathy 
• Greater creativity and imaginative thinking 
• Improved tolerance and understanding of others 

One particularly notable finding is the increase in openness—a personality trait associated with curiosity, creativity, and receptiveness to new ideas.

In some studies, a single guided experience has been linked to measurable increases in openness that remained elevated more than a year later. This kind of long-term shift is rare and suggests that psilocybin can influence not just temporary states, but deeper aspects of personality.

Many of the most profound changes reported are associated with what researchers describe as mystical-type experiences. These are characterised by:

• A sense of unity or interconnectedness 
• Feelings of peace, clarity, or meaning 
• A perception of transcending ordinary time and space 
• Deep emotional or existential insight 

Interestingly, these experiences are not limited to people with religious beliefs. Individuals across all backgrounds—including those with no spiritual framework—report similar transformative effects.

Research also suggests a clear pattern: the depth of the experience often correlates with the extent of long-term positive change.

From a neurological perspective, psilocybin appears to temporarily alter how different regions of the brain communicate.

Rather than operating in their usual structured patterns, brain networks become more flexible and interconnected. This may allow for:

• New perspectives on entrenched thoughts or behaviours 
• Greater cognitive flexibility 
• The breakdown of rigid mental patterns 

This state is sometimes described as “unconstrained cognition,” where the usual filters of perception and interpretation are loosened—similar in some ways to deep meditative states.

When combined with practices such as meditation, self-inquiry, or guided reflection, psilocybin may deepen:

• Sense of purpose and meaning 
• Emotional processing and release 
• Interpersonal connection 
• Forgiveness and acceptance 

Structured programs that integrate these elements have shown greater improvements in areas related to personal and spiritual development compared to those without such support.

At its core, the value many people find in psilocybin lies in its ability to shift perspective.

By stepping outside habitual patterns of thinking and engaging more directly with internal experience, individuals often gain clarity on:

• Personal behaviours and life direction 
• Emotional patterns and relationships 
• What feels aligned—or misaligned—in their lives 

For some, this process becomes a catalyst for meaningful, lasting change.

Microdosing refers to the practice of taking very small, sub-perceptual amounts of a psychedelic substance—doses low enough that there are no obvious alterations in perception or consciousness.

In the context of psilocybin mushrooms, microdosing is often approached as a structured routine rather than a full psychedelic experience. Individuals who explore this practice commonly report subtle yet meaningful shifts in day-to-day functioning, including:

• Improved focus and mental clarity 
• Increased creativity and problem-solving ability 
• More stable mood and emotional balance 
• Reduced stress and anxiety levels 
• Greater sense of presence and awareness 
• Enhanced interpersonal connection and communication 

Some also describe a heightened sensitivity to their environment, alongside a deeper sense of personal or spiritual alignment.

Although small-dose use of plant and fungal medicines has existed in various traditional settings, the modern concept of “microdosing” gained wider attention following the work of James Fadiman, particularly through his 2011 publication The Psychedelic Explorer’s Guide. His work helped formalize microdosing as a structured approach and brought it into mainstream discussion.

Since then, interest has grown significantly among individuals seeking alternatives for wellbeing, performance, and self-development.

Scientific understanding of microdosing is still developing. While there is a growing body of anecdotal reporting and early-stage research, most clinical studies to date have focused on moderate to high doses of psilocybin rather than microdoses.

That said, emerging research into brain function suggests that psilocybin may support:

• Increased neuroplasticity (the brain’s ability to adapt and reorganize) 
• Greater cognitive flexibility 
• Changes in habitual thought patterns 

Microdosing is thought to engage similar mechanisms, though in a more subtle and gradual way.

Microdosing is often perceived as low-risk, but it is not without considerations:

• Effects can vary widely between individuals 
• Even small doses may increase sensitivity or emotional fluctuations 
• Regular use may not be suitable for everyone, particularly those with underlying mental health conditions 
• Interactions with medications—especially those affecting serotonin—should be approached with caution 

Consistency, intention, and self-awareness are key factors in how this practice is experienced.

Psilocybin remains a controlled substance in many parts of the world. Laws vary significantly between countries—and even within regions of the same country—so it is essential to understand the local legal framework before considering any involvement.

In some locations, certain forms of psilocybin-containing products exist within legal grey areas. For example, in Netherlands, “magic truffles” can be legally purchased due to specific legislative distinctions. Other regions such as Brazil and Jamaica are also known for more permissive environments.

However, in places like the United Kingdom and much of the United States, psilocybin remains illegal, although some cities and states have moved toward decriminalization.

It’s important to understand that decriminalization does not mean legalisation.

Cities such as Denver and Oakland have reduced or deprioritised enforcement around personal use. However, activities such as selling, distributing, or large-scale cultivation may still carry legal consequences.

Some regions are exploring regulated therapeutic models, but these are typically highly controlled and limited to specific clinical or licensed settings.

In certain countries where laws are more permissive, psilocybin experiences may be offered within structured, retreat-style environments. These settings are often designed to provide:

• A legally compliant framework 
• Experienced facilitation 
• Supportive and controlled conditions 

Anyone considering this path should take the time to verify that a retreat operates within local laws and follows ethical and safety standards.

Attempting to obtain psilocybin mushrooms in areas where they are prohibited carries legal risk. This includes:

• Purchasing 
• Possession 
• Cultivation 
• Distribution 

Even in places where spores may be legally sold (due to not containing active compounds), cultivating them into psilocybin-producing mushrooms is often still illegal.

If you are exploring psilocybin in any capacity, a grounded and responsible approach is essential:

• Always research and respect local laws 
• Avoid assumptions based on outdated or second-hand information 
• Be cautious of online claims or “loopholes” that may not hold up legally 
• Prioritise safety, legality, and informed decision-making 

Human interaction with psilocybin-containing mushrooms dates back thousands of years. Archaeological evidence and ancient artwork suggest their use in ritual and ceremonial contexts across various regions, particularly in Mesoamerica.

Among civilizations such as the Maya and Aztec, these mushrooms were regarded as sacred tools—used in rites of passage, healing ceremonies, and spiritual communication.

Despite suppression during colonial periods, these traditions continued in more private settings, preserving knowledge that would later re-emerge globally.

In the mid-20th century, Western awareness of psilocybin expanded significantly through figures such as Gordon Wasson, who documented his experiences with Mazatec mushroom ceremonies in Oaxaca.

Shortly after, Albert Hofmann successfully isolated psilocybin, bringing it into scientific research.

This period also saw academic exploration led by individuals like Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert at Harvard University, which contributed to the rise of psychedelic research—and later, widespread cultural attention.

By the early 1970s, psilocybin was classified internationally as a restricted substance, halting most research for decades.

In recent years, however, there has been a renewed scientific and medical interest. Modern studies are once again exploring its potential applications, particularly in controlled therapeutic environments.

Today, psilocybin mushrooms remain among the most widely known psychedelic substances globally, particularly among younger adults.

Interest continues to grow due to:

• Expanding research into mental health applications 
• Increased public awareness 
• Shifting legal perspectives in some regions 

While use remains illegal in many places, public attitudes are evolving, and new frameworks for therapeutic access are being explored.

There are over 180 known species containing psilocybin or related compounds. Some of the most commonly referenced include:

• Psilocybe cubensis – the most widely cultivated and recognised species 
• Psilocybe cyanescens – known for higher potency and wavy caps 
• Psilocybe azurescens – considered one of the most potent species 
• Psilocybe natalensis – a less common species reported to have strong effects 

It’s important to note that not all psychoactive mushrooms belong to the same genus, and potency can vary significantly.

A visually similar but chemically different species is Amanita muscaria, which contains entirely different compounds and produces a very different experience.

Correct identification of wild mushrooms is critical. Many toxic species closely resemble psilocybin-containing mushrooms, and misidentification can lead to serious illness.

For this reason:

• Foraging should only be done by those with advanced knowledge 
• Visual similarity alone is not a reliable method of identification 
• When in doubt, do not consume 

A cautious approach here is non-negotiable—this is where real-world risk becomes very real.

Growing psilocybin mushrooms is illegal in many jurisdictions, even where spores themselves may be legally obtained.

While cultivation can reduce the risks associated with misidentification, it still carries legal implications that must be taken seriously.

Anyone exploring this area should be fully aware of the laws in their region before proceeding.

There is no credible evidence linking psilocybin mushrooms to conditions such as brain bleeding or organ failure in healthy individuals. Most risks arise from misidentification of toxic species rather than the psilocybin itself.

While intense psychological experiences can occur, these effects are typically temporary. However, individuals with underlying mental health conditions—particularly psychotic disorders—may be at increased risk and should approach with extreme caution or avoid entirely.

This depends on how “poison” is defined. While psilocybin alters consciousness, it is not considered physically toxic in the same way as dangerous mushroom species. The real danger lies in confusing psychoactive mushrooms with toxic lookalikes.

In certain parts of the world, psilocybin experiences are offered within legally permitted retreat settings. These are typically located in regions with more relaxed or clearly defined frameworks, such as Jamaica or Netherlands.

If you are considering a retreat, it’s important to ensure that:

• The provider operates within local laws 
• Safety protocols are clearly defined 
• Facilitators are experienced and transparent 

Taking time to properly research your options is essential when entering this kind of experience.

Standard drug tests do not usually screen for psilocybin or its metabolites. However, more specialised or extended testing panels can detect it in certain circumstances.

Detection windows are typically short, but this can vary depending on the individual and the type of test used.

Psilocybin experiences can be emotionally intense. While many people report meaningful or positive outcomes, challenging experiences can occur—especially without proper preparation or support.

Individuals with a personal or family history of mental health conditions, particularly psychotic disorders, should approach with caution or avoid use altogether.

A structured, supportive environment significantly reduces the likelihood of overwhelming experiences.

Correct identification is critical. Many mushrooms that contain psilocybin resemble toxic species, and misidentification can lead to serious harm.

Visual traits alone are not enough for reliable identification. Without proper expertise, consuming foraged mushrooms is strongly discouraged.

In most countries, cultivating psilocybin mushrooms is illegal. While spores may be legally sold in some regions (as they do not contain active compounds), using them to grow mushrooms is typically prohibited.

Always check your local laws before considering any involvement.

Fresh mushrooms tend to degrade quickly and are usually kept refrigerated for short-term storage. Dried mushrooms last longer and are typically stored in cool, dark, airtight conditions to preserve stability.

Proper storage helps reduce degradation and maintain consistency.

Psilocybin mushrooms are commonly taken in several forms, including:

• Consumed whole (fresh or dried) 
• Brewed into a tea 
• Encapsulated in powdered form 
• Mixed into food 

Each method can influence how quickly effects begin and how long they last.

Microdosing involves taking very small amounts of psilocybin—typically below the threshold of noticeable effects.

Some individuals explore this approach for subtle shifts in mood, focus, and creativity, although scientific research in this area is still developing.

Psilocybin builds tolerance quickly. Taking it again within a short period—especially within a few days—will likely result in reduced effects.

Spacing experiences allows the body and mind time to reset and integrate.

Combining substances carries additional risks and should be approached with caution.

Particular care should be taken with:

• Substances that affect serotonin levels 
• Stimulants or depressants 
• Alcohol 

Some combinations may increase the likelihood of adverse physical or psychological effects. When in doubt, avoiding combinations is the safest approach.

Resources 

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